Weekly Prevention Update 2 May 2012
ProCor Weekly Prevention Update 2 May 2012
Noticeboard
-------------------
Prevention strategies for NCDs
The British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group and University of Oxford are hosting an accredited short course on prevention strategies for NCDs on 15-20 July 2012 in Oxford, UK. The course is designed to increase understanding of the burden of NCDs, their risk factors, determinants, and prevention; develop specific skills in designing and evaluating prevention strategies; and provide a forum to share knowledge and experience with participants and faculty. Around 25 applicants from developed and developing countries will participate. See the website for more information or to apply. British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group.
http://bit.ly/yZBG1r
Prevention News
-------------------
Australia: Economists refute tobacco companies' argument against plain packaging
Studying the impact of past policy measures on tobacco advertising, a group of economists from La Trobe University refute tobacco companies claim that the new plain packaging law amounts to acquisition of their property. "The claim from the tobacco industry that plain packaging will potentially reduce cigarette prices, is likely to be correct," said Professor Harry Clarke from La Trobe University's School of Economics. "But this price decline can be readily offset by increases in the tobacco excise...Comparing results from the advertising restrictions in the early 1990s, it is highly unlikely, however, that new low price brands from major companies will be introduced after this legislation." The group's research also refuted the claim that there would be a substantial increase in counterfeit cigarettes. "What is more likely is that the introduction of plain packaging will make cigarette production far cheaper, therefore making the illegal market less profitable, and less cost effective," said Professor Clarke. Health Canal.
http://bit.ly/JetZbe
Bangladesh: The cost of preventing NCDs
Prevention programs targeting heart attack and stroke risk factors would cost US$3.95 per capita, according to new research. This per capita cost represents 26% of the total expenditure on health and 79% of the total government expenditure on health. Compared to the South-East Asia Region overall, the per capita cost for these prevention strategies in Bangladesh is relatively small, it would cost US$27.19 per capita to implement similar prevention strategies across all of the region. Researchers note several factors that make it difficult to measure NCD costing components in developing countries, such as intensity and cost of providing community health workers at the neighborhood level and the extent of facility- versus community-level care for certain interventions.
"Risk-attributable burden of chronic diseases and cost of prevention in Bangladesh"
Global Heart 2012; 7(1):61-66 (open access)
http://bit.ly/Irw3kV
Gaza strip: CVD risk among children with chronic kidney disease
Cardiovascular disease risk factors - such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, anemia, and albuminuria - were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease among children, according to new research. Children with chronic kidney disease were shorter, had lower weight, and had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to health children. Healthy children engaged in more physical activity than children with chronic kidney disease (50% compared to 25%), and children with chronic kidney disease were more likely to have higher levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. Researchers suggest clinicians incorporate screening for CVD risk factors among their patients with chronic kidney disease.
"Risk factors of cardiovascular disease among children with chronic kidney disease in Gaza strip"
Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research 2012; 3(2):91-98 (open access)
http://bit.ly/JAG3rO
Global: WHO's anti-tobacco program could prevent millions of deaths
Forecasting tobacco use trends with and without the anti-smoking policy to years 2020 and 2030, researchers found millions of lives could be saved if the WHO anti-smoking policy is applied immediately worldwide. "While several countries have already implemented parts of the WHO voluntary tobacco control policy, called MPOWER, complete and global adoption of these tobacco control measures has not yet happened," said David Mendez, associate professor at the U-M School of Public Health. The global smoking prevalence was around 24% in 2010 in countries studied, and researchers found that a 100% increase in cigarette prices would reduce the prevalence of smokers to 13% by 2030. The largest reduction attributed directly to MPOWER policies would occur in the European region, while the Americas would have the largest proportional reduction in prevalence.
"The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends"
Tobacco Control 2012; published online 25 April 2012
http://bit.ly/IEb39E
India: Hypertension in rural areas on par with high-income countries
The prevalence of hypertension among males in a rural community in northeast India was almost 31%, while the prevalence among females was almost 28%, according to new research. Urban Indian hypertension rates range from 29% to 45% for males and 25% to 38% for females, and the global prevalence of hypertension is just over 32%. Previous research suggested that the difference in rural and urban prevalence rates was in due in part to diet and stress associated with urban living, however researchers found that being overweight was the main modifiable risk factor. Stress was also found to be an independent risk factor for men, and although recognized in urban communities, it was previously not thought to be a significant risk factor for rural populations.
"The prevalence of hypertension and hypertension risk factors in a rural Indian community: A prospective door-to-door study"
Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research 2012; 3(2):117-123 (open access)
http://bit.ly/JQrSjT
India: Increased household costs of NCDs
The share of household out-of-pocket health costs attributed to NCDs increased from 32% in 1995-1996 to 47% in 2004, according to new research. Also, researchers found that the odds of catastrophic hospitalization expenditure for cancer was almost 170% greater than the odds due to communicable diseases, and the odds due to CVD 22% greater compared to communicable diseases. Household borrowing and sale of assets represents 40% to 50% of expenditure due to NCDs. Out-of-pocket expenditure per hospital stay and per outpatient visit are significant higher in private facilities compared to public facilities, and a significant percentage of expenditure goes to medications, diagnostics, and medical appliances. In India, NCDs and injuries represent 62% of the burden of disability adjusted life years.
"The economic impact of non-communicable diseases on households in India"
Globalization and Health 2012; 8(9) open access
http://bit.ly/JaYz5J
US: Country struggles with obesity
Despite the known health concerns of the obesity epidemic in the US, governments, businesses, and individuals are only now beginning to address added economic burden of an obese population, according to an article recently published in Reuters. "The startling economic costs of obesity, often borne by the non-obese, could become the epidemic's second-hand smoke," writes Sharon Begley. "Only when scientists discovered that nonsmokers were developing lung cancer and other diseases from breathing smoke-filled air did policymakers get serious about fighting the habit...Now...policymakers as well as the private sector are mobilizing to find solutions to the obesity epidemic." Although there are some advocacy groups who argue for an end to "size discrimination", researchers argue that public health officials and employers need to understand the full cost of the obesity epidemic in order to make informed decisions on health prevention programs. Reuters.
http://reut.rs/IP7MDy
Research Updates
-------------------
"An evolving approach to the global health agenda: Countries will lead the way on NCD prevention and control"
R Nugent, B Kelley, J Narula
Global Heart 2012; 7(1):3-6 (open access)
http://bit.ly/IDcYyh
"NCD prevention and control in Latin America and the Caribbean: A regional approach to policy and program development"
C Hospedales, A Barcelo, S Luciani, B Legetic, et al.
Global Heart 2012; 7(1):73-81 (open access)
http://bit.ly/ITEmWG
"Public support for smoke-free areas in Israel: A case for action"
L Rosen, D Rier, R Schwartz, A Oren, et al.
Health Policy 2012; available online 12 April 2012
http://bit.ly/KCk2u9
"Relationships between food consumption and living arrangements among university students in four European countries - A cross-sectional study"
W El Ansari, C Stock, R Mikolajczyk
Nutrition Journal 2012; 11(28): open access
http://bit.ly/IiYQnK
Resources
-------------------
Alcohol in the European Union: Consumption, harm, and policy approaches
Report that provides "key indicators on alcohol consumption, health outcomes and action to reduce harm across the European Union (EU). It gives an overview of the latest research on effective alcohol policies, and includes data from the EU, Norway and Switzerland on alcohol consumption, harm and policy approaches...The report updates the evidence base for some important areas of alcohol policy, and provides policy-makers and other stakeholders in reducing the harm done to health and society by excessive drinking with useful information to guide future action." WHO.
http://bit.ly/Jn130V
Cardiovascular harms from tobacco use and secondhand smoke: Global gaps in awareness and implications for action
Report that "brings together data from two ongoing major global tobacco research and surveillance studies - the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project and the Global Tobacco Surveillance System - to examine people's awareness of the cardiovascular risks of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure." WHF.
(PDF) http://bit.ly/J7f4Qh
Ghetto science
YouTube video that demonstrates the amount of tar a person inhales while smoking a cigarette. YouTube.
http://bit.ly/IjIXO7
Profile on implementation of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the South-East Asia region
Report that provides "an overview of the status of the implementation of the convention in the eleven Member States of the SEA Region. It highlights some major milestones achieved as well as the challenges faced while implementing tobacco control measures in Member countries." WHO.
http://bit.ly/KCnSDD
Calendar
-------------------
World Congress of Cardiology 2014
Melbourne, Australia
4-7 May 2014
http://bit.ly/JZVppC
Noticeboard
-------------------
Prevention strategies for NCDs
The British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group and University of Oxford are hosting an accredited short course on prevention strategies for NCDs on 15-20 July 2012 in Oxford, UK. The course is designed to increase understanding of the burden of NCDs, their risk factors, determinants, and prevention; develop specific skills in designing and evaluating prevention strategies; and provide a forum to share knowledge and experience with participants and faculty. Around 25 applicants from developed and developing countries will participate. See the website for more information or to apply. British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group.
http://bit.ly/yZBG1r
Prevention News
-------------------
Australia: Economists refute tobacco companies' argument against plain packaging
Studying the impact of past policy measures on tobacco advertising, a group of economists from La Trobe University refute tobacco companies claim that the new plain packaging law amounts to acquisition of their property. "The claim from the tobacco industry that plain packaging will potentially reduce cigarette prices, is likely to be correct," said Professor Harry Clarke from La Trobe University's School of Economics. "But this price decline can be readily offset by increases in the tobacco excise...Comparing results from the advertising restrictions in the early 1990s, it is highly unlikely, however, that new low price brands from major companies will be introduced after this legislation." The group's research also refuted the claim that there would be a substantial increase in counterfeit cigarettes. "What is more likely is that the introduction of plain packaging will make cigarette production far cheaper, therefore making the illegal market less profitable, and less cost effective," said Professor Clarke. Health Canal.
http://bit.ly/JetZbe
Bangladesh: The cost of preventing NCDs
Prevention programs targeting heart attack and stroke risk factors would cost US$3.95 per capita, according to new research. This per capita cost represents 26% of the total expenditure on health and 79% of the total government expenditure on health. Compared to the South-East Asia Region overall, the per capita cost for these prevention strategies in Bangladesh is relatively small, it would cost US$27.19 per capita to implement similar prevention strategies across all of the region. Researchers note several factors that make it difficult to measure NCD costing components in developing countries, such as intensity and cost of providing community health workers at the neighborhood level and the extent of facility- versus community-level care for certain interventions.
"Risk-attributable burden of chronic diseases and cost of prevention in Bangladesh"
Global Heart 2012; 7(1):61-66 (open access)
http://bit.ly/Irw3kV
Gaza strip: CVD risk among children with chronic kidney disease
Cardiovascular disease risk factors - such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, anemia, and albuminuria - were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease among children, according to new research. Children with chronic kidney disease were shorter, had lower weight, and had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to health children. Healthy children engaged in more physical activity than children with chronic kidney disease (50% compared to 25%), and children with chronic kidney disease were more likely to have higher levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. Researchers suggest clinicians incorporate screening for CVD risk factors among their patients with chronic kidney disease.
"Risk factors of cardiovascular disease among children with chronic kidney disease in Gaza strip"
Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research 2012; 3(2):91-98 (open access)
http://bit.ly/JAG3rO
Global: WHO's anti-tobacco program could prevent millions of deaths
Forecasting tobacco use trends with and without the anti-smoking policy to years 2020 and 2030, researchers found millions of lives could be saved if the WHO anti-smoking policy is applied immediately worldwide. "While several countries have already implemented parts of the WHO voluntary tobacco control policy, called MPOWER, complete and global adoption of these tobacco control measures has not yet happened," said David Mendez, associate professor at the U-M School of Public Health. The global smoking prevalence was around 24% in 2010 in countries studied, and researchers found that a 100% increase in cigarette prices would reduce the prevalence of smokers to 13% by 2030. The largest reduction attributed directly to MPOWER policies would occur in the European region, while the Americas would have the largest proportional reduction in prevalence.
"The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends"
Tobacco Control 2012; published online 25 April 2012
http://bit.ly/IEb39E
India: Hypertension in rural areas on par with high-income countries
The prevalence of hypertension among males in a rural community in northeast India was almost 31%, while the prevalence among females was almost 28%, according to new research. Urban Indian hypertension rates range from 29% to 45% for males and 25% to 38% for females, and the global prevalence of hypertension is just over 32%. Previous research suggested that the difference in rural and urban prevalence rates was in due in part to diet and stress associated with urban living, however researchers found that being overweight was the main modifiable risk factor. Stress was also found to be an independent risk factor for men, and although recognized in urban communities, it was previously not thought to be a significant risk factor for rural populations.
"The prevalence of hypertension and hypertension risk factors in a rural Indian community: A prospective door-to-door study"
Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research 2012; 3(2):117-123 (open access)
http://bit.ly/JQrSjT
India: Increased household costs of NCDs
The share of household out-of-pocket health costs attributed to NCDs increased from 32% in 1995-1996 to 47% in 2004, according to new research. Also, researchers found that the odds of catastrophic hospitalization expenditure for cancer was almost 170% greater than the odds due to communicable diseases, and the odds due to CVD 22% greater compared to communicable diseases. Household borrowing and sale of assets represents 40% to 50% of expenditure due to NCDs. Out-of-pocket expenditure per hospital stay and per outpatient visit are significant higher in private facilities compared to public facilities, and a significant percentage of expenditure goes to medications, diagnostics, and medical appliances. In India, NCDs and injuries represent 62% of the burden of disability adjusted life years.
"The economic impact of non-communicable diseases on households in India"
Globalization and Health 2012; 8(9) open access
http://bit.ly/JaYz5J
US: Country struggles with obesity
Despite the known health concerns of the obesity epidemic in the US, governments, businesses, and individuals are only now beginning to address added economic burden of an obese population, according to an article recently published in Reuters. "The startling economic costs of obesity, often borne by the non-obese, could become the epidemic's second-hand smoke," writes Sharon Begley. "Only when scientists discovered that nonsmokers were developing lung cancer and other diseases from breathing smoke-filled air did policymakers get serious about fighting the habit...Now...policymakers as well as the private sector are mobilizing to find solutions to the obesity epidemic." Although there are some advocacy groups who argue for an end to "size discrimination", researchers argue that public health officials and employers need to understand the full cost of the obesity epidemic in order to make informed decisions on health prevention programs. Reuters.
http://reut.rs/IP7MDy
Research Updates
-------------------
"An evolving approach to the global health agenda: Countries will lead the way on NCD prevention and control"
R Nugent, B Kelley, J Narula
Global Heart 2012; 7(1):3-6 (open access)
http://bit.ly/IDcYyh
"NCD prevention and control in Latin America and the Caribbean: A regional approach to policy and program development"
C Hospedales, A Barcelo, S Luciani, B Legetic, et al.
Global Heart 2012; 7(1):73-81 (open access)
http://bit.ly/ITEmWG
"Public support for smoke-free areas in Israel: A case for action"
L Rosen, D Rier, R Schwartz, A Oren, et al.
Health Policy 2012; available online 12 April 2012
http://bit.ly/KCk2u9
"Relationships between food consumption and living arrangements among university students in four European countries - A cross-sectional study"
W El Ansari, C Stock, R Mikolajczyk
Nutrition Journal 2012; 11(28): open access
http://bit.ly/IiYQnK
Resources
-------------------
Alcohol in the European Union: Consumption, harm, and policy approaches
Report that provides "key indicators on alcohol consumption, health outcomes and action to reduce harm across the European Union (EU). It gives an overview of the latest research on effective alcohol policies, and includes data from the EU, Norway and Switzerland on alcohol consumption, harm and policy approaches...The report updates the evidence base for some important areas of alcohol policy, and provides policy-makers and other stakeholders in reducing the harm done to health and society by excessive drinking with useful information to guide future action." WHO.
http://bit.ly/Jn130V
Cardiovascular harms from tobacco use and secondhand smoke: Global gaps in awareness and implications for action
Report that "brings together data from two ongoing major global tobacco research and surveillance studies - the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project and the Global Tobacco Surveillance System - to examine people's awareness of the cardiovascular risks of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure." WHF.
(PDF) http://bit.ly/J7f4Qh
Ghetto science
YouTube video that demonstrates the amount of tar a person inhales while smoking a cigarette. YouTube.
http://bit.ly/IjIXO7
Profile on implementation of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the South-East Asia region
Report that provides "an overview of the status of the implementation of the convention in the eleven Member States of the SEA Region. It highlights some major milestones achieved as well as the challenges faced while implementing tobacco control measures in Member countries." WHO.
http://bit.ly/KCnSDD
Calendar
-------------------
World Congress of Cardiology 2014
Melbourne, Australia
4-7 May 2014
http://bit.ly/JZVppC
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